Carnitine - deficiency causes muscle pain due to inefficient cellular energy metabolism (mitochondrial myopathy) which presentas as fibromyalgia.Choline & Inositol - altered levels of both nutrients seen in fibromyalgia; choline & inositol are involved in pain perception.Serine - blood levels of this amino acid are much lower in fibromyalgia patients.Vitamin D - low levels impair neuromuscular function and cause muscle pain. Deficiency is common in fibromyalgia patients.Vitamin B1 - Thiamin (B1) deficiency mimics fibromyalgia symptoms including serotonin depletion (decreased paing threshold), a decrease in repair enzymes (muscle soreness) and poor energy production (muscle fatigue).Antioxidants - low antioxidant status increases pain in fibromyalgia, which is often considered an oxidative stress disorder.Zinc - blood levels of zinc are associated with a number of tender points in fibromyalgic patients.Magnesium - involved in pain perception pathways and muscle contraction; treatment with magnesium can improve tenderness and pain.Selenium - deficiency is linked to fibromyalgia; in one trial, symptoms improved in 95% of patients supplemented with selenium for at least 4 weeks.
